The guide to owning a Pomeranian.
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A history of Pomeranians.
Pomeranians, often affectionately called ‘Poms’, have a rich history that traces back to large Arctic working dogs. Their journey from robust sledge-pullers to the charming companions we know today is marked by several key historical developments.
Pomeranians are descended from large, German spitz dogs used in Arctic regions for herding and pulling sledges. These ancestors were robust, with thick double coats to protect them from harsh climates. The breed is said to come from the Pomerania region, an area along the Baltic Sea in modern-day Poland and Germany. In this region, the large working dogs began to be selectively bred down in size for companionship rather than labour.
The Pomeranian dog breed gained popularity in Europe, especially among the nobility. Notably, Queen Charlotte of England brought a pair of Pomeranians to the British court in the mid-18th century, although these dogs were still considerably larger than today's Poms.
However, the most significant shift in the breed's development came during the reign of Queen Victoria in the 19th century. It’s thought she was an avid dog lover and acquired a particularly small Pomeranian named Marco during a trip to Italy. Queen Victoria's preference for smaller Pomeranians led to a trend of breeding even smaller dogs which significantly influenced the breed's standard and popularity.
Recognition of the breed by the English and American Kennel Clubs in the 19th century further helped to solidify breed standards and promote the Pomeranian as both a show dog and companion.
Throughout the 20th century, Pomeranians continued to gain popularity worldwide. Their small size, lively temperament and distinctive appearance made them favourites in both homes and dog shows. Today, Pomeranians are beloved pets known for their vibrant personalities and luxurious coats. They are highly popular in various countries and are a common sight in dog shows, often excelling in obedience and agility competitions.
How much a Pomeranian puppy costs in the UK.
You can expect to pay anywhere between £500 to £3,000 for a Pomeranian puppy in the UK. The price of a puppy can be determined according to multiple factors such as the age of the puppy, the lineage they’re bred from, and if they’re a pedigree and registered with the Kennel Club.
It’s also important to factor in the cost of accessories such as food bowls, blankets, beds and leads when bringing home a new addition as well as monthly pet insurance premiums which are vital for protecting your Pom puppy from veterinary fees associated with accidents and illnesses.
Colours and coat types.
Pomeranian colours.
Pomeranians are widely known for their fluffy fur and orange colour giving them a fox-like appearance. However, they come in a variety of colours and patterns that you may not be familiar with.
As a prospective owner, it’s also important to note that Pomeranians go through multiple changes in coat and texture as they mature which means their adult coat may differ slightly from their puppy coat.
Here are some of the many colours of Pomeranians:
Orange: This is considered the most traditional and recognisable Pomeranian colour.
Orange sable: Similar to orange, but with black-tipped guard hairs giving a more textured appearance.
Cream: A light honeycomb-like hue.
Tan: A light hue, often with white markings on the chest and legs.
Black: A solid black coat with black points.
White: A pure white coat with no other markings.
Red: A deep, rusty orange hue, sometimes with lighter cream on the chest.
Brown/chocolate: Ranging from light to dark chocolate shades.
Sable: This pattern can appear on various base colours, with dark-tipped hairs
Black and tan: A primarily black coat with tan markings in specific areas.
Pomeranian coats.
Pomeranians are fluffy due to their double coat. A double coat is a short, dense undercoat with a longer, harsher outer coat (also known as guard hairs) that helps to insulate a dog against cold weather and cool in hot weather by trapping air close to the skin.
Below we take a closer look at the variants of coat patterns and the different stages you can expect it to go through.
Coat patterns:
Solid colours
Sable (dark-tipped hairs on a lighter base colour)
Brindle (striped pattern)
Parti-colour (patches of two colours)
Merle (mottled or dappled pattern)
Coat stages:
Puppy coat (soft and fluffy)
Adult coat (develops around 9-12 months)
Full adult coat (typically by 3 years old)
Size and weight.
Pomeranians are classed as toy dogs because of their small size. Toy dogs refer to dogs that have been bred down in size over time such as Chihuahuas and Yorkshire Terriers - although it’s important to note that not all toy dogs are lap dogs.
At adulthood - which is around one year old - Pomeranians typically weigh around 1-3kg though there will be some dogs that weigh more and are a larger size.
On average they stand at around 8 to 14 inches tall at the highest point of their shoulder blades (also known as the withers). It’s also important to note that male and female Pomeranians tend to be similar in size, with no significant difference between the two.
In summary, while the breed standard calls for a very small 1-3kg pound dog, many pet Pomeranians end up being slightly larger, in the 3-5kg pound range. Their compact size makes them well-suited as apartment dogs and lap dogs.
Temperament and behaviour.
Temperament.
Pomeranians are known for their lively, outgoing and intelligent temperament. Despite their small stature, they have a bold and confident demeanour, often acting as if they are much larger in size.
Poms are highly alert and make excellent watchdogs, as they are quick to bark at unfamiliar sights and sounds. They are affectionate and loyal to their owners, enjoying being the centre of attention.
Pomeranians are also known for their playful and curious nature, and generally get along well with children and other pets if properly socialised from a young age. Their spirited and sometimes stubborn personality can make training a fun challenge, but their intelligence and eagerness to please usually result in quick learning.
Do Pomeranians make good pets?
Yes! Pomeranians can make excellent pets for the right owners. They are loving companions who bond closely with their families. Their small size makes them adaptable to different living situations such as apartments. However, they do require regular grooming and can be prone to excessive barking.
Behaviour.
Pomeranians are lively, intelligent and confident dogs with big personalities! They are generally friendly, playful and affectionate with their owners and families. They can be alert and make good watchdogs despite their small size.
Adaptability.
Pomeranians are highly adaptable dogs meaning they can adjust well to various living situations, including apartments and houses, as long as they receive enough attention and exercise and have outdoor access for toilet breaks.
Pomeranians can be great family dogs, especially for families with older children. They are playful and affectionate. However, supervision is needed with young children due to the Pom's small, delicate size.
Pomeranians can get along well with children if properly socialised, but caution is needed:
Poms are fragile and can be easily injured by rough handling
They’re not recommended for families with toddlers or very young children
Older, gentle children (10+ years old) are better suited
Supervision is always required between Poms and kids
With proper introductions and socialisation, many Pomeranians can get along well with cats. Their playful nature may even lead to strong friendships with feline housemates.
Pomeranians can be left alone for short periods, but they generally do not do well with long periods of isolation. It's recommended to not leave them alone for more than 4-6 hours at a time.
Yes, Pomeranians can adapt well to apartment living due to their small size and moderate exercise needs. However, they still require regular walks and playtime to stay healthy and happy.
Yes, Pomeranians can be prone to separation anxiety. As companion dogs, they form strong bonds with their owners and may become distressed when left alone for long periods.
Yes, Pomeranians are known to bark more than some other breeds. They are considered a vocal breed.
Pomeranians often bark to alert their owners to potential threats, seek attention, express excitement, or respond to unfamiliar sounds or sights.
Common reasons for Pomeranian barking include:
- Alerting to strangers or unfamiliar noises
- Seeking attention
- Boredom
- Not feeling well
- Responding to loud or sudden noises
While barking is natural for Pomeranians, excessive barking can be managed through proper training, socialisation and addressing underlying causes like boredom or anxiety.
Pomeranians can be trained to bark less using positive reinforcement techniques, teaching commands like "quiet” and providing adequate mental and physical stimulation.
Training a Pomeranian.
Pomeranians are generally very pleasant dogs to train and respond well to positive reinforcement training methods. As an owner, it’s important to remain consistent and patient in your training - this will go a long way!
Short, frequent training sessions are generally best for Poms due to their small size and energy levels. As puppies, early socialisation is key and can help to curb unwanted behavioural issues in the home and around other dogs, animals and children.
Intelligence.
Are Pomeranians smart?
Pomeranians are considered intelligent dogs and have the learning capacity of around a 2-year-old human child. When properly motivated, Poms can learn a multitude of tricks and commands making them the perfect companion.
Are Pomeranians easy to train?
Pomeranians can be relatively easy to train with the right approach. They are eager to please and enjoy learning new things. However, they can also be stubborn at times, requiring patience and a calm attitude.
Pomeranian obedience
Basic Pomeranian obedience training can begin as early as 8 weeks old. Some of the most important and beneficial training commands include sit, stay, come and walking on a lead. With proper training, Poms can excel in obedience competitions though constant reinforcement of commands is necessary.
Shedding and grooming.
Pomeranians are quite heavy-shedding dogs, despite their small size. This is because they have a thick double coat which means they typically shed all year round but blow the coat twice a year which results in heavier shedding.
How often should I brush my Pomeranian?
To help combat tumbleweeds of fur around your home, it is recommended that you brush your Pom daily or at least 2 to 3 times per week (minimum). Daily brushing is a great way to prevent matting as it removes loose fur. You can achieve this by using a slicker brush or metal comb that won’t damage the coat.
How often should I bathe my Pomeranian?
On average, we recommend bathing your Pomeranian every 3 to 4 weeks. Bathing your Pom too frequently can dry out their skin and coat. It’s therefore best to always use a gentle dog shampoo specifically formulated for Pomeranians.
How often should I cut my Pomeranian’s hair?
Pomeranians have a fluffy, long coat which means they usually need a trim every 6 to 8 weeks. If you’re doing this yourself, avoid cutting the fur too short - Poms need their double coat for insulation. We recommend taking your Pom for a professional groom every 2 to 3 months.
Do Pomeranians shed?
Yes, Pomeranians shed moderately all year round. As mentioned above, they blow their coats twice a year which results in a heavy shedding period. Regular brushing helps to alleviate the amount of fur you’ll find around your home (and on your clothes).
Nails and trimming.
Generally, Pomeranians need their nails trimmed every 4-8 weeks, with 6 weeks being the average timeframe. The frequency depends on the dog's activity level and the surfaces they walk on.
Regular trimming prevents overgrowth, splitting and discomfort. Nails that are too long can affect gait and posture resulting in strain on joints.
If you’re trimming your dog’s nails, always do your research. Use proper dog nail clippers and be cautious of the quick (the soft cuticle that contains the blood vessel and nerves in the nail). Trim small amounts frequently rather than large amounts infrequently.
Start them young.
Trimming a Pom's nails comes with some challenges. They may be resistant and show signs of stress or aggression. However, getting them used to nail trimming from a young age can help prevent any behavioural issues around grooming from developing.
Exercise needs.
Pomeranians require moderate exercise to maintain good health and prevent obesity. Exercise is an excellent way to manage energy levels and also prevents behavioural issues such as boredom-related destruction. When committing to owning a pet, a balance of physical activity and mental stimulation is always important.
How much exercise does a Pomeranian need?
Pomeranians typically need about 20-30 minutes of exercise per day. This can be split into two shorter walks or one longer walk. As always, exercise needs may vary based on the individual dog's age, health and energy level
Playtime and mental stimulation
In addition to walks, Pomeranians benefit from playtime and mental stimulation. This includes making use of interactive toys, puzzle feeders and training sessions to provide mental exercise. Short play sessions throughout the day can help keep them engaged and prevent boredom. Activities like fetch, tug-of-war and hide-and-seek can also be enjoyable for Pomeranians.
Feeding and nutrition.
Pomeranians need a diet high in protein (minimum 18% for adults, 22% for puppies). When shopping for food for your pooch, you should look for those containing a moderate fat content and low to moderate carbohydrates - they’re super important for energy and coat health.
We recommend brands such as Butternut Box and Tails.com - they’re also Waggel partners and provide policyholders with exclusive deals and discounts.
If you’re choosing kibble, opt for a small size. Pomeranians are small dogs with little mouths so standard or large kibble is likely going to be too big and difficult for them to eat.
Best food for a Pomeranian.
If you’re a first-time dog owner, finding the right food for your pup can be tricky! Fortunately, we’re here to help. Begin by looking for high-quality commercial dog food formulated especially for small breeds.
Look for real meat as the first ingredient and avoid foods with artificial preservatives and excessive fillers. To widen your options, consider both dry kibble and wet food. If your pup is showing signs of sensitivities or allergies, we recommend consulting with your vet on the best dietary choices for them.
How much food should a Pomeranian eat?
Adult Pomeranians typically need 1/3 to 1 cup of food per day whilst puppies need around 3-4 small meals per day depending on their weight.
Specific amounts depend on the dog's age, weight, and activity level, for example:
A 1-pound puppy will need about 1/2 cup of food per day
A 3-pound dog will need about 1 cup per day
A 5-pound dog will need about 1.25 cups per day
A 6-pound dog will need about 2 cups per day
It's important to note that these are general guidelines, and individual dogs may have different needs based on their specific circumstances. Always consult with a veterinarian for personalised feeding advice.
Pomeranian common health issues.
Pomeranians are considered a generally healthy breed but are prone to some genetic health conditions such as luxating patellas and tracheal collapse as well as dental issues. Regular veterinary check-ups and early detection of any potential health issues can help ensure a long and happy life.
Below we take a look at the most common health conditions and the associated cost of treatment based on claims data from 2023 to 2024:
Luxating patella: This is a common condition where the kneecap dislocates. It can range from mild to severe and may require surgery. Surgery can cost between £800 and £5,000 per knee.
Dental disease: Pomeranians are prone to dental issues such as periodontal disease due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. Dental cleaning and treatment can range from £150 to £500, depending on the severity and need for extractions.
Tracheal collapse: This condition, where the trachea partially collapses, is common in small breeds and can cause breathing difficulties. Medication and management can cost around £100 to £300. Surgery, if required, can cost between £900 and £5,000.
Hypothyroidism: This hormonal condition can cause lethargy, weight gain, and skin issues. Lifelong medication and monitoring can cost approximately £200 to £500 annually.
Alopecia X (Black skin disease): This causes hair loss and darkening of the skin, primarily affecting Pomeranians. Treatments for alopecia X vary widely, ranging from £100 for topical treatments to several hundred pounds for ongoing veterinary care.
Heart disease: Pomeranians are prone to various heart conditions, including congestive heart failure. Diagnostic tests such as X-rays and echocardiograms can cost £300 to £800. Medications and ongoing management can cost around £400 to £800 annually.
Hip dysplasia: This genetic condition affects the hip joints and can lead to arthritis. Surgery, such as a total hip replacement, can cost between £3,000 and £6,000 per hip. Non-surgical management costs (medication, physiotherapy) can be around £200 to £600 annually.
These are approximate figures and can change over time due to inflation and developments in veterinary care practices. Though the above treatment prices can seem costly, pet insurance provides financial coverage for a portion of your pet’s medical expenses - a portion you can set yourself! By paying a regular premium, you can ensure that you have financial support when unexpected veterinary bills arise.
How long do Pomeranians live?
Pomeranians have a lifespan of around 12 to 16 years though some can live up to 18 to 20 years with proper care! Factors affecting lifespan include genetics, diet, exercise and preventative healthcare.
Waggel Pet Insurance for Pomeranians provides peace of mind and Lifetime protection against a range of potential health issues, including conditions like hip dysplasia, heart disease and more. With Waggel, you can rest assured that your pet's health concerns are financially supported, allowing you to focus on what’s most important; being the best pet parent possible.
Pet insurance for Pomeranians.
If you’re considering getting a Pom, you’re probably already familiar with pet insurance. But do you know just how essential it is? If not, allow us to fill you in. Waggel Pet Insurance ensures that your new companion receives the best possible care without you having to stress and worry about finances.
Unexpected illnesses and accidents can happen at any time. However, at Waggel we provide peace of mind, allowing you to make decisions based on your pet's well-being rather than the total cost of treatment. To explore coverage options tailored to your pet's needs, get a free quote today.
As a Waggel member, you’ll also get exclusive access to our membership platform. Here you can find Joii, a 24/7 online vet care provider connecting you to a vet whenever you need help. You’ll also be able to book behaviour and nutrition consultations with Junior Hudson, a holistic canine wellness expert from Heal The Dog.
However, it doesn’t just stop there. You’ll also receive tailored perks, discounts and deals every month on your Membership Platform to suit both you and your pet. So, if you fancy treating yourselves, you’ll know exactly where to head over to.